He was instructed to establish a sanctuary to Zeus and Athena divide the people into tribes and obai appoint the two kings (unusual because most of Greece was a Democracy) and a Gerousia of thirty men, which according to Plutarch: “allays and qualifies the fiery genius of the royal office”.Plurtarch writes that the new state that emerged at this point was due to the lawgiver Lycurgus, who had sought the help of the Delphic Oracle.The whole state became geared to a militaristic way of life a new system of law and order, or eunomia, was established.
At some point after the Messenian wars, the Spartans undertook a drastic and revolutionary reorganisation of social and political systems. It was not until 369 BC, after Sparta’s defeat at Leuctra, that the Messenians revolted successfully against the Spartans. Instead, Sparta attacked neighbouring Messenia and engaged in a series of wars, reducing the population to serfdom. Greek world at the time was a period of expansion and colonisaion –> Spartawas not a coloniser. Between 900 – 750 BC –> Sparta gradually gained control of the area of Lakonia. Social structure and political organisation The issue of Lycurgus (the Great Rhetra) Mountains also formed a natural barrier/fortress for SpartaĢ. Mountain ranges remained snow-capped all year and lower wooded slopes provided excellent hunting grounds and valuable timber. Gythium –> perioikoi community / import and export port. The geographical setting, natural features and resources of ancient Sparta 
3.3 Economic roles of the periokoi (‘dwellers around’) and helots.2.2.1 Roles and privileges of the two kings.2.1 The issue of Lycurgus (the Great Rhetra).Social structure and political organisation 1.1 The geographical setting, natural features and resources of ancient Sparta.
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